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How do I pronounce Proto-Indo- European?

I like to read about the etymology of words, so it would be useful if I could pronounce the Proto-Indo-European roots. However, I can’t find a pronunciation guide! Do I just pronounce PIE as if it were written in IPA? What’s this h1 h2 h3 business?

H1, h2 and h3 are what are called “laryngeals.” Linguists don’t actually know how they were pronounced, but they know that they were there by the way that they affected vowels around them. For example, h2 tends to turn an E next to it into an A and h3 turns an E next to it into an O; laryngeals coming after the vowel also lengthen the vowel. (This operated diachronically so that, e.g. PIE *h2ertus became *artus in descendent languages.)

Bh, Dh, Gh and Gwh/Ghw were pronounced as voiced aspirate sounds; Sanskrit and most North Indian languages other than Panjabi retain these sounds.

B, D, G and Ggw are less certain. In most descendant branches other than Greek and Germanic they fell together with the voiced aspirates. There is some controversy regarding the pronunciation of these sounds because a language with the reconstructed inventory for PIE (three series, namely unvoiced P, T, K, Kw; voiced unaspirated B, D, G, Gw; voiced aspirated Bh, Dh, Gh, Ghw/Gwh) is typologically extremely rare: normally if a language has voiced aspirates, it will also have unvoiced aspirates. It’s also typologically unlikely that the sound B should be non-existent or nearly so. For this and other reasons, Gamkrelidze and Ivanov postulate that these sounds were glottalized sounds, specifically ejectives. P’ (traditional B) is far less common than other ejectives cross-linguistically, and the prohibition in PIE against two voiced unaspirated sounds in the same root (these sounds are very simple, and the prohibition against them is again typologically unlikely) parallels similar constraints in other languages in prohibiting more than one ejective in a root.

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